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How to install microsoft office professional 2003 without cd free.History of Microsoft Office

 

Sell a living room coffee table made of exotic solid wood. This semi-precious wooden coffee table "Courbaril" was brought back from French Guiana in It is in very good condition and very rare, not to say not to be found in metropolitan France and even We also do tutoring from CP primary to baccalaureat's grade.

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Main article: High-level programming language. This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources.

Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. July Learn how and when to remove this template message. Main article: Software bug. Main articles: Computer networking and Internet.

Main article: Human computer. See also: Harvard Computers. Glossary of computers Computability theory Computer security Glossary of computer hardware terms History of computer science List of computer term etymologies List of fictional computers List of pioneers in computer science Pulse computation TOP list of most powerful computers Unconventional computing. The containers thus served as something of a bill of lading or an accounts book.

In order to avoid breaking open the containers, first, clay impressions of the tokens were placed on the outside of the containers, for the count; the shapes of the impressions were abstracted into stylized marks; finally, the abstract marks were systematically used as numerals; these numerals were finally formalized as numbers. Eventually the marks on the outside of the containers were all that were needed to convey the count, and the clay containers evolved into clay tablets with marks for the count.

Schmandt-Besserat estimates it took years. All of the architectures listed in this table, except for Alpha, existed in bit forms before their bit incarnations were introduced. Although the control unit is solely responsible for instruction interpretation in most modern computers, this is not always the case. Some computers have instructions that are partially interpreted by the control unit with further interpretation performed by another device. For example, EDVAC , one of the earliest stored-program computers, used a central control unit that interpreted only four instructions.

All of the arithmetic-related instructions were passed on to its arithmetic unit and further decoded there. These so-called computer clusters can often provide supercomputer performance at a much lower cost than customized designs.

While custom architectures are still used for most of the most powerful supercomputers, there has been a proliferation of cluster computers in recent years. However, this method was usually used only as part of the booting process.

Most modern computers boot entirely automatically by reading a boot program from some non-volatile memory. An x compatible microprocessor like the AMD Athlon 64 is able to run most of the same programs that an Intel Core 2 microprocessor can, as well as programs designed for earlier microprocessors like the Intel Pentiums and Intel This contrasts with very early commercial computers, which were often one-of-a-kind and totally incompatible with other computers.

Interpreted languages are translated into machine code on the fly, while running, by another program called an interpreter. Computer hardware may fail or may itself have a fundamental problem that produces unexpected results in certain situations. For instance, the Pentium FDIV bug caused some Intel microprocessors in the early s to produce inaccurate results for certain floating point division operations.

This was caused by a flaw in the microprocessor design and resulted in a partial recall of the affected devices. Online Etymology Dictionary. Archived from the original on 16 November Retrieved 19 August Numbers through the ages 1st ed. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Macmillan Education.

ISBN OCLC Retrieved 1 July Bibcode : Natur. PMID S2CID Archived from the original on 16 December Retrieved 12 March Wiet, V. Elisseeff, P. Wolff, J. Naudu Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. JSTOR IEEE Micro. Turk J Elec Engin. Archived PDF from the original on 15 September Retrieved 21 April Archived from the original on 20 February Retrieved 28 January Charles Babbage, Father of the Computer. Crowell-Collier Press. Online stuff. Science Museum. Archived from the original on 7 August Retrieved 1 August New Scientist.

Archived from the original on 5 August Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Archived from the original on 12 July Retrieved 7 January The Life and Work of Konrad Zuse. EPE Online. Archived from the original on 1 June Retrieved 17 June The New York Times. Archived from the original on 4 November Retrieved 15 February Der Computer. Mein Lebenswerk in German 3rd ed. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

The Story of IT: Zuse". Archived from the original on 18 September Retrieved 1 June Archived PDF from the original on 9 August Retrieved 28 September A Brief History of Computing. Springer Nature. Des Moines Register. Burks The First Electronic Computer. Archived from the original on 29 July BBC News.

Archived from the original on 10 November Retrieved 14 October The Guardian. Archived from the original on 7 February Archived from the original on 4 February Retrieved 24 November The National Museum of Computing. Archived from the original on 18 April Sperry Rand. Archived from the original on 2 July Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society. British Computer Society.

Archived from the original on 5 July Retrieved 10 January Cambridge University Press. Archived from the original PDF on 9 December Retrieved 31 July Nanoelectronics: Materials, Devices, Applications, 2 Volumes.

Archived from the original on 3 March Retrieved 28 August Introduction to Transistor Circuits. Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd. Computer History Museum. Archived from the original on 27 October Retrieved 31 August Proceedings of the IEEE. ISSN Archived from the original on 24 September Retrieved 18 July Archived from the original on 13 December Retrieved 20 July Scientific American.

Bibcode : SciAm. American Chemical Society. Archived from the original on 30 December United States Patent and Trademark Office. Archived from the original on 17 December National Inventors Hall of Fame. Retrieved 27 June Archived from the original on 19 September Retrieved 21 June Archived from the original on 18 August Retrieved 21 July Retrieved 6 June World Scientific.

Archived from the original on 21 July Retrieved 13 August Archived from the original on 24 October History of Semiconductor Engineering.

Johns Hopkins University Press. Archived from the original on 27 July Electrochemical Society. Archived from the original on 12 May The Electrochemical Society Interface. Bibcode : ECSIn.. Archived PDF from the original on 29 August Archived from the original on 10 March Retrieved 22 July Archived from the original on 22 December Archived from the original on 12 August Archived from the original on 17 March Computer Organization and Design.

San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann. Archived from the original on 30 September Retrieved 5 April Ars Technica. Views Read Edit View history. Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file. Download as PDF Printable version. Add links. November 19, [1]. Word 1. March 4, [3].

First version to support Windows NT 3. Mail 2. First version to support Windows NT 4. Final bit version and last version to support Windows 3. Office Manager included. Last version to support Windows NT 3. Coincided with the Windows 95 operating system release. Works only on Windows 95 as well as Windows NT 3. First version to support Windows and Windows ME. The first Office version to have the same version number 7.

First version to receive extended support. Word 98 was released only in Japanese and Korean editions. First version to contain Outlook 98 in all editions and Publisher 98 in the Small Business Edition, as well as the first version of Office 97 to support Windows 98 Second Edition. First version to receive 5 years of extended support. Second version to receive extended support. The last version not to include Product Activation and not covered by Office Genuine Advantage , although on individual installs, the Office Update website still required the presence of original install media for updates to install.

Second version to receive 5 years of extended support. Third version to receive extended support. Improved support for working in user accounts without administrative privileges on Windows and Windows XP. Last version to support any DOS-based versions of Windows. July 11, [5]. July 12, [5]. Third version to receive 5 years of extended support. Fourth version to receive extended support. First version to only support NT-based operating systems.

Last version to have legacy interface. OneNote is introduced in this version. Last version to have Arial and Times New Roman as the default fonts across all applications.

April 14, [6]. April 8, [6]. Fourth version to receive 5 years of extended support. Fifth version to receive extended support. Broadly released alongside Windows Vista. First version to use the new Ribbon user interface with tabbed menus. First version to have Calibri as the default font across all applications.

First version to officially support Windows 8 , Windows Server , Windows 8. October 9, [7]. October 10, [7]. Most bit programs can run natively, though applications that rely on device drivers will not run unless those device drivers have been written for x64 platforms. All bit versions of Microsoft operating systems impose a 16 TB limit on address space. Processes created on the bit editions of Windows Vista can have 8 TB in virtual memory for user processes and 8 TB for kernel processes to create a virtual memory of 16 TB.

The Commission concluded that Microsoft "broke European Union competition law by leveraging its near monopoly in the market for PC operating systems onto the markets for work group server operating systems and for media players. Unlike that decision, however, Microsoft was also forced to withdraw the non-compliant versions of Windows from the South Korean market.

As a continuance of these requirements, Microsoft released "N" and "KN" variants of some editions of Windows Vista that exclude Windows Media Player, as well as "K" and "KN" editions that include links to third-party media player and instant messaging software.

Two additional editions of Windows Vista have been released for use by developers of embedded devices. These are binary identical editions to those available in retail, but licensed exclusively for use in embedded devices. Unlike previous versions of Windows, Windows Vista does not support compliance checking during installation; compliance checking previously allowed users to insert a disc as evidence that the operating system was being upgraded over a previous version, which would allow users to enter an upgrade license to perform a clean install.

However, upgrading from a bit edition to a bit edition or downgrading from bit edition to a bit edition requires a clean install. The following chart indicates the possible upgrade paths:. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Wikimedia list article. News Center. Retrieved May 26, Ars Technica. Retrieved June 2, January 29, Retrieved April 3, January 17, Redmond Magazine.

Retrieved May 30,

 

Features new to Windows XP - Wikipedia.One moment, please

 

As the next version of Windows NT after Windows , as well as the successor to Windows Me , Windows XP introduced many new features but it also removed some others. Use of these features is apparent in Windows XP's user interface transparent desktop icon labels, drop shadows for icon labels on the desktop, shadows under menus, translucent blue selection rectangle in Windows Explorer , sliding task panes and taskbar buttons , and several of its applications such as Microsoft Paint , Windows Picture and Fax Viewer , Photo Printing Wizard , My Pictures Slideshow screensaver, and their presence in the basic graphics layer greatly simplifies implementations of vector-graphics systems such as Flash or SVG.

The total number of GDI handles per session is also raised in Windows XP from 16, to 65, configurable through the registry. Windows XP shipped with DirectX 8. Direct3D introduced programmability in the form of vertex and pixel shaders , enabling developers to write code without worrying about superfluous hardware state, and fog , bump mapping and texture mapping. Windows XP can be upgraded to DirectX 9.

Windows XP includes ClearType subpixel rendering , which makes onscreen fonts smoother and more readable on liquid crystal display LCD screens. There are other parameters such as contrast that can be set via a ClearType Tuner powertoy that Microsoft makes available as a free download from its Typography website.

To help the user access a wider range of common destinations more easily from a single location, the Start menu was expanded to two columns; the left column focuses on the user's installed applications, while the right column provides access to the user's documents, and system links which were previously located on the desktop. Links to the My Documents, My Pictures and other special folders are brought to the fore. The My Computer and My Network Places Network Neighborhood in Windows 95 and 98 icons were also moved off the Desktop and into the Start menu, making it easier to access these icons while a number of applications are open and so that the desktop remains clean.

Moreover, these links can be configured to expand as a cascading menu. Frequently used programs are automatically displayed in the left column, newly installed programs are highlighted, and the user may opt to "pin" programs to the start menu so that they are always accessible without having to navigate through the Programs folders. The default internet browser and default email program are pinned to the Start menu.

The Start menu is fully customizable, links can be added or removed; the number of frequently used programs to display can be set.

The All Programs menu expands like the classic Start menu to utilize the entire screen but can be set to scroll programs. The user's name and user's account picture are also shown on the Start menu. The taskbar buttons for running applications and Quick Launch have also been updated for Fitt's law.

Locking the taskbar not only prevents it from being accidentally resized or moved but elements such as Quick launch and other DeskBands are also locked from being accidentally moved. The Taskbar grouping feature combines multiple buttons of the same application into a single button, which when clicked, pops up a menu listing all the grouped windows and their number.

Advanced taskbar grouping options can be configured from the registry. A button allows the user to reveal all the icons. The Taskbar, if set to a thicker height also displays the day and date in the notification area. There are significant changes made to Windows Explorer in Windows XP, both visually and functionally. Microsoft focused especially on making Windows Explorer more discoverable and task-based, as well as adding a number of features to reflect the growing use of a computer as a "digital hub".

The task pane is displayed on the left side of the window instead of the traditional folder tree view when the navigation pane is turned off. It presents the user with a list of common actions and destinations that are relevant to the current directory or file s selected. For instance, when in a directory containing mostly pictures, a set of "Picture tasks" is shown, offering the options to display these pictures as a slide show, to print them, or to go online to order prints.

Conversely, a folder containing music files would offer options to play those files in a media player, or to go online to purchase music. Every folder also has "File and Folder Tasks", offering options to create new folders, share a folder on the local network, publish files or folders to a web site using the Web Publishing Wizard , and other common tasks like copying, renaming, moving, and deleting files or folders. File types that have identified themselves as being printable also have an option listed to print the file.

Underneath "File and Folder Tasks" is "Other Places", which always lists the parent folder of the folder being viewed and includes additional links to other common locations such as "My Computer", "Control Panel", and "My Documents" or previously navigated locations.

These change depending on what folder the user was in. Underneath "Other Places" is a "Details" area which gives additional information when a file or folder is selected — typically the file type, file size and date modified, but depending on the file type, author, image dimensions, attributes, or other details.

If the file type has a Thumbnail image handler installed, its preview also appears in the "Details" task pane. For music files, it might show the artist, album title, and the length of the song. The same information is also shown horizontally on the status bar. The "Folders" button on the Windows Explorer toolbar toggles between the traditional navigation pane containing the tree view of folders, and the task pane. Users can also close the navigation pane by clicking the Close button in its right corner as well as turn off the task pane from Folder Options.

The navigation pane has been enhanced in Windows XP to support "simple folder view" which when turned on hides the dotted lines that connect folders and subfolders and makes folders browsable with single click while still keeping double clicking on in the right pane. Single clicking in simple folder view auto expands the folder and clicking another folder automatically expands that folder and collapses the previous one.

Windows XP introduced a large number of metadata properties [7] which are shown as columns in the "Details" view of Explorer, in the new Tiles view in Explorer, on the Summary tab in a file's properties, in a file's tooltip and on the Explorer status bar when a single file is selected.

Users also gain the ability to sort by any property which is turned on in "Details" view. Developers can write column handler shell extensions to further define their own properties by which files can be sorted. The column by which items are sorted is highlighted. Sorting files and folders can be in Ascending order or Descending order in all views, not just Details view. To reverse the order, the user simply can perform the sort by the same property again.

The sort order has also been made more intuitive compared to the one in Windows For file names containing numbers Windows Explorer now tries to sort based on numerical value rather than just comparing each number digit by digit for every character position in the file name.

The right pane of Windows Explorer has a "Show in Groups" feature which allows Explorer to separate its contents by headings based on any field which is used to sort the items. Items can thus be grouped by any detail which is turned on. Microsoft introduced animated "Search Companions" in an attempt to make searching more engaging and friendly; the default character is a puppy named Rover, with three other characters Merlin the magician, Earl the surfer, and Courtney also available.

These search companions powered by Microsoft Agent technology, bear a great deal of similarity to Microsoft Office 's Office Assistants , even incorporating "tricks" and sound effects. If the user wishes, they can also turn off the animated character entirely. The search capability itself is fairly similar to Windows Me and Windows , with some important additions. Search can also be instructed to search only files that are categorically "Documents" or "Pictures, music and video" searching by perceived type ; this feature is noteworthy largely because of how Windows determines what types of files can be classified under these categories.

Using Tweak UI , the search user interface can be restored to the one used by Windows Windows XP improves image preview by offering a Filmstrip view which shows images in a single horizontal row and a large preview of the currently selected image above it. Filmstrip view like any other view can be turned on per folder. This view will be available if the new "Common Tasks" folder view is selected, not with "Windows Classic" folder view.

Aside from the Filmstrip view mode, there is a 'Thumbnails' view, which displays thumbnail -sized images in the folder and also displays images a subfolder may be containing 4 by default overlaid on a large folder icon. A folder's thumbnail view can be customized from the Customize tab accessible from its Properties, where users can also change the folder's icon and specify a template type pictures, music, videos, documents for that folder and optionally all its subfolders.

The size and quality of thumbnails in "Thumbnails" view can be adjusted using Tweak UI or the registry. Windows XP optionally caches the thumbnails in a " Thumbs. Thumbnails can be forced to regenerate by right-clicking the image in Thumbnail or Filmstrip views and selecting "Refresh thumbnail". AutoPlay examines newly discovered removable media and devices and, based on content such as pictures, music or video files, launches an appropriate application to play or display the content.

AutoPlay can be enhanced by AutoPlay-compatible software and hardware. It can be configured by the user to associate favourite applications with AutoPlay events and actions.

These actions are called AutoPlay Handlers and there are sets of Handlers associated with various types of content. New AutoPlay handlers can get added to the system when additional software is installed. AutoPlay settings can be configured per-device in Windows XP from the device's properties.

When a user inserts an optical disc into a drive or attaches a USB camera, Windows detects the arrival and starts a process of examining the device or searching the medium. It is looking for properties of the device or content on the medium so that AutoPlay can present a set of meaningful options to the user. When the user makes a particular choice, they also have the option to make that selection automatic the next time Windows sees that content or device.

It supersedes part of the functions of Imaging for Windows in previous versions of Windows. The Windows Picture and Fax Viewer is integrated with Windows Explorer for functions like slideshow, email, printing etc.

It supports full file management from within the viewer itself, that is, right clicking the image shows the same context menu as the one shown when an image is right clicked in Windows Explorer.

Images can be set as the desktop wallpaper from the context menu. It supports successive viewing of all images in current folder and looping through images, [17] that is, after viewing the last image in a directory, it again shows the first image and vice versa. By default, images smaller than the user's display resolution are shown at their actual size.

If an image is larger than the display resolution, it is scaled to fit the screen Best Fit. When this is done, scroll bars allow for viewing of all areas of the image. The wizard shows a preview of what the printed page will look like with the currently specified options. Using Tweak UI , the time between images during a slideshow can be adjusted. GIF files are shown with full animation, even when zoomed. Areas of the image can be selected and concealed.

Windows Picture and Fax Viewer saves and remembers its window position and size and supports keyboard shortcuts for all of its operations. Raw image formats , which are the preferred formats in professional photography are not supported, however, Microsoft released a later update called RAW Image Thumbnailer and Viewer for Windows XP for viewing certain raw image files.

The Text Services Framework is designed to offer advanced language and word processing features to applications. It supports features such as multilingual support, keyboard drivers, handwriting recognition , speech recognition , as well as spell checking and other text and natural language processing functions.

It is also downloadable for older Windows operating systems. The language bar enables text services to add UI elements to the toolbar and enables these elements when an application has focus. From the Language Bar, users can select the input language, and control keyboard input, handwriting recognition and speech recognition.

The language bar also provides a direct means to switch between installed languages, even when a non-TSF-enabled application has focus. Although an upgrade of the Windows kernel, there are major scalability, stability and performance improvements, albeit transparent to the end user.

Windows XP includes simultaneous multithreading hyperthreading support. Simultaneous multithreading is a processor's ability to process more than one data thread at a time. Windows XP supports a larger system virtual address space —— 1.

The Windows XP Memory Manager is redesigned to consume less paged pool, allowing for more caching and greater availability of paged pool for any component that needs it.